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Radix Bupleuri

柴胡 · Chái Hú
Bupleurum chinense DC.

The premier herb for harmonising the Shao Yang, lifting the Qi, and soothing Liver constraint — a cornerstone of classical Chinese medicine.

Taste & Nature
Bitter, Acrid · Slightly Cold
Part Used
Root
Channels Entered
Liver, Gallbladder, Pericardium, San Jiao
TCM Category
Wind-Heat Releasing Herb
Family
Apiaceae
Radix Bupleuri

History & Origin

Chái Hú has been documented in Chinese medical literature for over two millennia, earning a place in the highest tier of classical formulas. Its clinical fingerprint — the alternating chills and fever of Shao Yang disease — is so distinctive that Zhāng Zhòng-Jǐng enshrined it as the chief herb of Xiǎo Chái Hú Tāng, one of the most frequently prescribed formulas worldwide to this day.

~200 BCE — Shennong Bencao Jing
Listed among the superior-class herbs with commendation for its ability to relieve cold-damage fever, benefit the five viscera, and nourish the middle burner.
~200 CE — Shang Han Lun (Zhang Zhongjing)
Chái Hú is established as the sovereign herb of Xiǎo Chái Hú Tāng, the landmark formula for Shao Yang disorders characterised by alternating fever and chills, chest oppression, and bitter taste.
7th Century — Tang Dynasty
Sun Simiao's Qian Jin Yao Fang expands its use into gynecological patterns — treating irregular menstruation and emotional disturbance caused by Liver Qi stagnation.
16th Century — Bencao Gangmu (Li Shizhen)
Li systematically catalogues Chái Hú's actions: raising Yang, harmonising Shao Yang, coursing the Liver, and treating recurring fevers. He distinguishes the northern and southern varieties by potency.
20th–21st Century — Modern Research
Pharmacological studies identify saikosaponins as key bioactives, validating hepatoprotective and anti-inflammatory effects. Chái Hú preparations are integrated into evidence-informed integrative oncology and liver-support protocols globally.

Traditional Uses

Shao Yang Harmonisation

The definitive herb for the Shao Yang stage: alternating sensations of cold and heat, bitter taste, dry throat, dizziness, and chest fullness. Paired with Huang Qin in Xiǎo Chái Hú Tāng.

Liver Qi Regulation

Addresses emotional depression, hypochondriac distension, irritability, and sighing by smoothly coursing Liver Qi stagnation. Essential in Chai Hu Shu Gan San.

Yang Qi Elevation

Small doses lift sunken Middle Qi, used alongside Huang Qi and Sheng Ma to address organ prolapse, chronic diarrhoea, and fatigue from Qi deficiency.

Menstrual Irregularity

Regulates the Liver's governing of the Blood to ease PMS, irregular cycles, and breast tenderness associated with Liver Qi constraint.

Fever & Cold-Damage

Releases pathogenic factors lodged between the interior and exterior, dispersing lingering low-grade fevers and supporting recovery from unresolved external invasions.

Digestive Harmony

In formulas combining Chái Hú with Bai Shao and Zhi Ke, it relieves abdominal distension and alternating constipation and loose stools driven by Liver overacting on Spleen.

Health Benefits

  • 🌿
    Eases Stress & Emotional TensionSmooths Liver Qi constraint to relieve the irritability, chest tightness, and sighing that accompany prolonged emotional stress.
  • 🔥
    Supports Fever ResolutionAssists the body in resolving lingering pathogens at the Shao Yang level, helping normalise temperature cycling.
  • 🫀
    Protects Liver FunctionSaikosaponins demonstrate hepatoprotective activity, supporting healthy liver enzyme levels and bile flow.
  • ⬆️
    Lifts Prolapsed QiUsed in low doses to raise Middle Burner Yang Qi, addressing fatigue, organ prolapse, and post-illness weakness.
  • 🌸
    Balances Menstrual HealthCourses the Liver and regulates Blood to ease PMS, breast tenderness, and irregular menstruation linked to Qi stagnation.

Soups Featuring Radix Bupleuri

Radix Bupleuri is a key ingredient in these Food Art no-cook herbal soups, thoughtfully formulated to provide its nourishing qualities in a convenient, ready-to-brew format.

Fiftyoung

Fiftyoung

From HK$149
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The information provided on this page is for educational and informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Please consult a qualified healthcare professional before using any herbal products.

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